What Are The Main Components Of An Anchor Windlass? A Guide To Power, Grip, And Control

At its core, an anchor windlass is a machine designed to raise and lower an anchor with mechanical advantage. The primary components that make this possible are the gypsy (or wildcat) to grip the anchor chain, a motor to provide power, a clutch to engage the gypsy, and a brake to control the chain's deployment.

An anchor windlass is not a single part but an integrated system. Understanding how its core components for power, grip, and control work together is the key to operating it safely and effectively.

What are the main components of an anchor windlass? A Guide to Power, Grip, and Control

How a Windlass Works: The Core System

A windlass multiplies a small input force—whether from a motor or a manual crank—into a powerful pull capable of lifting a heavy anchor and its chain from the seabed.

The Power Source: Motor and Gearing

The system begins with a power source. On modern vessels, this is typically a high-torque electric or hydraulic motor.

This motor drives a series of gears. The gearing is crucial as it trades speed for power, providing the immense torque needed to lift the anchor.

The Chain Handler: The Gypsy (or Wildcat)

The gypsy (often called a wildcat on larger ships) is the specialized wheel that handles the anchor chain.

It features precisely shaped pockets that match the links of the anchor chain, allowing it to grip the chain securely without slipping during retrieval. The correct match between gypsy and chain size is absolutely critical.

The Rope Handler: The Warping Drum

Many windlasses also include a smooth, barrel-shaped drum called a warping drum or capstan.

This component is used for handling fiber ropes, such as mooring lines, and operates independently of the gypsy.

Critical Control and Safety Components

Beyond the core machinery, several components are essential for controlling the immense forces involved in anchoring and ensuring the safety of the vessel and its crew.

The Clutch: Engaging the Power

The clutch is the link between the motor and the gypsy. When engaged, it transfers power from the motor to the gypsy to haul the anchor in.

When disengaged, the gypsy can spin freely. This is essential for allowing the anchor to drop under its own weight during deployment.

The Brake: Controlling Deployment

The brake provides precise control over the speed at which the chain pays out when the anchor is being lowered.

This prevents a dangerous, uncontrolled free-fall and allows for precise positioning of the anchor on the seabed. It is a fundamental safety mechanism.

The Chain Stopper: Securing the Load

Once the anchor is fully raised, its weight should not be held by the windlass itself. Instead, the load is transferred to a chain stopper.

This robust component, such as a pawl bar or a Devil's Claw, physically locks the chain to the deck, preventing accidental deployment and protecting the windlass gearing from continuous strain.

Understanding the Key Trade-offs

The way these components are arranged defines the two primary types of windlasses, each with distinct advantages.

Vertical Windlass

In a vertical configuration, the motor and gearbox are installed below the deck, with only the gypsy and warping drum visible on top.

This design saves valuable deck space and allows the chain to wrap around the gypsy for a full 180 degrees, providing maximum grip. However, installation and maintenance can be more complex.

Horizontal Windlass

A horizontal windlass has all its components—motor, gearbox, gypsy, and drum—mounted on a single unit above the deck.

This configuration is generally easier to install and maintain. The trade-off is a larger footprint on the deck and less chain wrap (typically 90 degrees) on the gypsy.

Making the Right Choice for Your Goal

Selecting or operating a windlass effectively requires understanding how its design serves your primary needs.

If your primary focus is saving deck space and maximizing chain grip: A vertical windlass with its below-deck motor and superior chain engagement is the superior option.
If your primary focus is simple installation and easy maintenance: A horizontal windlass, with all its components accessible on the deck, is often the best choice.
If your primary focus is safety: Always ensure the load is taken up by a chain stopper when anchored or underway, never leaving the strain on the windlass brake or gears.

Ultimately, recognizing the distinct role of each component transforms a windlass from a piece of machinery into a reliable system for safe and confident anchoring.

Summary Table:

Component	Primary Function	Key Feature
Gypsy (Wildcat)	Grips and handles the anchor chain	Pockets shaped to match chain links
Motor	Provides power to raise/lower the anchor	Electric or hydraulic, high-torque
Clutch	Engages/disengages power to the gypsy	Allows free-fall deployment when disengaged
Brake	Controls chain speed during deployment	Prevents dangerous free-fall
Chain Stopper	Secures the anchor chain, taking load off windlass	Essential for safety (e.g., pawl bar)
Warping Drum	Handles fiber ropes/mooring lines	Smooth, barrel-shaped drum

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