The working load significantly impacts the choice of lubricant for the deceleration device of a building electric hoist. Higher loads require lubricants with greater viscosity to maintain a robust oil film that can withstand pressure and prevent metal-to-metal contact. For heavy or impact loads, high-viscosity lubricants with extreme pressure additives are essential to ensure durability and performance. Additionally, factors like temperature variations, surface roughness, and clearance must be considered alongside load to select the optimal lubricant. The choice between oil and grease also depends on load conditions, with oils generally preferred unless grease is more practical for the application.
Key Points Explained:
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Viscosity and Load Relationship:
- Higher working loads demand higher viscosity lubricants because they form thicker oil films that can carry more weight and resist being squeezed out under pressure.
- For heavy or continuous loads, a lubricant with good oiliness (ability to adhere to surfaces) and extreme pressure (EP) properties is critical to prevent wear and tear.
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Impact Load Considerations:
- Impact loads (sudden or shock loads) require even more robust lubrication solutions. A high-viscosity lubricant or grease with low penetration (stiffer consistency) is recommended to absorb shocks and maintain lubrication under abrupt force changes.
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Surface Conditions and Clearance:
- Rough working surfaces benefit from high-viscosity lubricants or low-penetration greases to fill imperfections and reduce friction.
- Small clearances between moving parts necessitate low-viscosity lubricants to ensure smooth flow and adequate coverage without causing drag or overheating.
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Temperature Effects:
- High temperatures can thin lubricants, so a high-viscosity oil with a high flash point and oxidation resistance is needed to maintain performance.
- Low temperatures require low-viscosity lubricants with low pour points to ensure they remain fluid and functional.
- For fluctuating temperatures, a lubricant with a high viscosity index (minimal viscosity change with temperature) is ideal.
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Lubricant Type (Oil vs. Grease):
- Lubricating oils are generally preferred for deceleration devices due to their superior heat dissipation and flow characteristics, especially under high loads.
- Grease may be used where oil application is impractical, but it must be chosen carefully to match load and environmental conditions.
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Comprehensive Selection Criteria:
- The optimal lubricant must balance working load with other factors like speed, temperature, and surface conditions to ensure reliable operation and longevity of the hoist's deceleration device.
Summary Table:
| Factor | Lubricant Requirement |
|---|---|
| High Load | High-viscosity lubricant with EP additives for robust oil film and pressure resistance |
| Impact Load | High-viscosity grease or stiff grease to absorb shocks and maintain lubrication |
| Rough Surfaces | High-viscosity lubricant or low-penetration grease to fill imperfections |
| Small Clearances | Low-viscosity lubricant to ensure smooth flow without drag |
| High Temperature | High-viscosity oil with high flash point and oxidation resistance |
| Low Temperature | Low-viscosity lubricant with low pour point for fluidity |
| Fluctuating Temp | Lubricant with high viscosity index for minimal viscosity change |
| Oil vs. Grease | Oil preferred for heat dissipation; grease used where oil is impractical |
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